Cutting tool



Jan. 26, 1943. w. A. WQISISLER CUTTING TOOL Filed June 11, 1940 INVENTOR WILLIAM A. WISSLER ATTORNEY zng wfifz Patented Jan. 26, 1943 CUTTING 'rooL William A. Wissler, Niagara Falls, N.

Y., asslgnor to Haynes Stellite Company, a corporation of Indiana Application June 11, 1940, Serial at. 339,855

2 Claims.

The invention relates to edged cutting tools for cutting steels.-

The special steels known as high speed steels are widely used as tools ior cutting materials of many kinds, including cast iron and semi-steel, steel, nonierrous metals, and nonmetailic materials.v The demand for materially greater cutting speeds than can be used practically with high speed steel tools has led to the widespread use of the Stelllte type of tools, composed principally of chromium, tungsten-molybdenum group metal (tungsten or molybdenum or both),

carbon, and cobalt, frequently modified by the addition of minor percentages of vanadium or boron or both.

"Stellite tools have been known since the original work, of Elwood Haynes on the subject, over 25 years ago. A considerable amount ofresearch has since been done on various modifications of the original Stellite" compositions, as evidenced by the large number of patents in this field. The more successful researches have led to the commercial adoption from time to time of numerous compositions, advocated either for general use or for some special application.

Stellite" tools have been commmercially successful in practically all important uses except one: the machining (turning, milling, hobbing,

etc.) ofsteel under non-rigid springy conditionswliich permit a substantial yielding between the tool and the work. Such conditions are found, for instance, in the turning of slender "springy conditions which cause ordinary Steilite tools to lose depth of cut rapidly.

Another object is to provide a cobalt-chromium-tungsten base, edged cutting tool adapted to cut steel at highspeeds under the non-rigid conditions Just described.

A further object is the provision of a cobaltchromium-tungsten base. edged cutting tool having selfsharpening characteristics, i. e. which under many conditions of cutting forms and maintains asharp cutting edge as'it wears during useasatool.

The objects of the invention are attained through the application of my discovery that certain tools within a range 01 compositions heretofore believed to be inferior, and which are'indeed inferior to ordinary Stellite both in conventional testing procedures and in usefor cutting cast iron, semi-steel, and steel under many rigid conditions, are surprisingly superior to commercial kinds of Stellite when used for cutting steel under non-rigid conditions.

More specifically, I have found that the presence of 4% to 15% of nickel in a cobalt-chromium-tungsten type of tool adapts such tool for cutting steel under non-rigid conditions and imshaits which tend to spring away. from the nose.

oi the tool, and also in numerous automatic and semi-automatic cutting machines which hold the i tool non-rigidly and which may permit the nose of the tool to springaway from the work. Such behavior leads to a rapid loss of depth of cut, to uneven cutting or chattering of the tool: and to the chipping and dulling of the tool which, in turn, leads rapidly to loss of cutting ability.

parts thereto self-sharpening characteristics.

The tool of the invention essentially comprises cobalt, chromium, tungsten-molybdenum group metal, and nickel. Preferably, it also contains boron and vanadium. The composition limits, both ultimate and preferred, are set forth below, in tabular form for convenience.

Brood Preferred range range Percent chromium 15 to 40 20 to 35 Percent tungsten-molybdenum 8 to 25 10 to 2) Percent nickel. 410 16 6 to 10 Percent carbon 0.5 to 3 .1 to 2.5 Percent boron 0 to 0.5 0.02 to 0.15 Percent vanadium 0 to 8 l to 4 Percent cobalt Reminder Remainder cobalt chromium-timgstentypa of tools have not'been-generally satisfactory under such conditions, and the slower-cutting high speed steels have been used almost exclusively for this kind of work. It appears likely that the shortcoming of the cobalt-chromium-tungsten tools in this 1 respect is connected with their inability to maintain under non-rigid conditions a thin or sharp cutting edge.

An object of this invention is.to provide a means for cutting steel successfully, at speeds higher than can be used practically with high speed steels, without rapid loss of depth of cut or rapid iailure oi the tool, under non-rigid Although either tungsten or molybdenum, or both, may be used, tungsten is ordinarily preferred. A small percentage of iron may be present; but if both iron and nickel are used, the sum of the percentages of iron and nickel ought to be tested on actual commercial production work of' several difl'erent kinds in different machine shops, with the results reported in Table B.

Table A I Composition, approximate percent 'iooltype V .Cr" w v Ni Iron B 00 a0 15 2 s 2 2.2 0.17. met. s2 10 o o as 2.: 1114 Do. (High spear steel of 18% W4% (Jr-1% V type) ToolA is a typical tool embodying the invention,tool S is a standard "Stellite" type of tool. and tool H is a standard high speed steel tool of good quality.

Table-B Test 331 Depth F Tool Pieces Condi- .No. 5:3 inch im type grim! I tions L-.. 230 is 0.025 200 A 130 Springy zao is 0.025 200 s Do. 230 1.4 0.025 e00 H 0 Do. 2.-., 21o woo 144 .A 24 Do. 210 A. 0.014 144 s 0 Do. no m 0.014 72 H a Do. a 275 M .on 148 A sense Do. 215 4 .011 148 s 5, Do. 270 M. .018 10s A i0tol4 Rigid. 270 an o. 018 I, ma s 10 to 13 Do.

In test 1, the workpieces were roller-bearing races four and three-quarters inches in diameter non-rigidly supported and with scaly surfaces having high and low spots which'tended to make the tool ride the surface of the workpiece. In test 2, the workpieces were rods three and fiveeighths inches in diameter which protruded eight inches from a .centerless chuck that held the workpieces only at one end; in test 3, the Workpieces were rods three and three-quarters inches In test. 4, the workpieces were gear blanks seven In test ,theworkpieces were gear blanks seven and three-'eighths inches in diameter by about two inches thick, rigidly supported.

Although most of the standard shapes or "8rinds of steel-cutting tools may suitably be used, for many purposes I prefer that shown in the accompanying drawing, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a cutting tool, and

Fig. -2 is an elevation of the tool shown in Fig.1.

:When the shape illustrated is used, the tools of this invention tend to wear in such a way as to maintain a relatively sharp cutting edge, 1. e. they are self-sharpening. As shown, the tool has a chip-guiding; groove ill in the horizontal face I2 adjacent the cutting edge ll the side relief angle is about 8"; the nose angle is about and the end relief angle is about 10. The width of the groove 10.15 ordinarily in the neighborhood of one-quarter of an inch, and the angle between the face I! and the bottom of the groove 10 is about 10.

I claim:

1. A cutting tool comprising 15% to 40% chromium, 8% to 25% tungsten-molybdenum group metal, 0.5% to 3%, carbon, 1% to 8% vanadium, 6% to 15% nickel, remainder cobalt.

2. A steel-cutting edged tool comprising cobalt, chromium, tungsten, vanadium, carbon, and boron, which elements impart the properties of hardness and wear resistance which are maintained at a 'red heat, and nickel which imparts the "propertyo'f self-sharpening during use of the tool and improves the ability of the tool to cut steel under non-rigid conditions at high speeds although deleteriously aflecting its ability to cut cast iron, the composition of said tool being within the limits of 20% to 35% chromium, 10% to 20% tungsten, 1% to 4% vanadium, 1% to 2.5% carbon; 0.02%to 0.5% boron, 6 %to 10% nickel,

remainder cobalt.

' WILLIAM A. WISSLER.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION. Pq.ten t no. 2 ,5c 9,371. January 25, 1&5

Y WILLIAM A. wxssuzn,

It isfherebyce'rtifled that error appears in the printed specifica ti rm ofthekbbvei nmhbered patent requ iiring corraqt'ion ag follows: Page l,"firs t colu'x'pri, line 26, for "connmiejri ally" read f qqnnnerciallypag e1 2, 'first column, line 15, after a end insert the wa and. al-ma --in' diameter bysevqn inhs 19kg, heldQ- ax 1d secbnd column, line l :striko '51" strike out flaejomgii an trim; the said Letters P t'ez'it should be read with this uiz-p161; the're ij n' that, the same ma eonrbzfh to the record or sig a and sealed this" 50th day or March," A; 15.1915.

Henry Van Arsdale, (Seal)? Acting Commissioner of Patents.

Y the caao i'x rth e gPi teht dffie.

CERTIFICATE OF conmcnon. Pgtonf; 110. 2,599,371. January 25, 19 3..

WILLIAM A. ulssman.

It i's'he eby-cerun d that rror appears in the printed specificati n ofthe n bbvel nmbered patent reqfiirixxg correqtion ag follows: Page 1,!1rt column, line 26, Id: "commirially" nead --qomorcially--"; pagei2, first bolimn, linb 14.3, ifte 'inch e s" insert' the word; and period --in' diametar by seven inhb; li1 ,.aimiiarly held." ;and sacond colum'n, line 1 istriko out --In toat'lL, the wdrkpie'qes wgre gear blanks Sieven- 1ine after" '35 strike out; the 15m 11rd. tfiat t and, Letters Pat'erit should be reui with an; correcgio'n the'rih' that '1:im same ma confirm to the record or Sl gnd ind aoale'd thiajo day or March, D. 1.9%.

Henry Van Arsdale, (8nd) Act ing Commissioner of Patents. v 

